COP30 report lists 56 decisions, calls for global implementation
The presidency of the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) on Tuesday (Mar. 17) published the executive report of the conference held in Belém in November 2025. The document lists the results of the meeting and details the next steps for implementing global policies.
In total, 56 decisions were adopted by consensus among participating nations, covering topics such as mitigation, adaptation, financing, technology, and loss and damage.
“The decisions adopted at the conference should serve as catalysts for economic change, the creation of more resilient societies, and the restoration of ecosystems. The journey continues – and it will require the commitment of all of us,” says the joint statement from COP President André Corrêa do Lago and Executive Director Ana Toni.
“The conference established important new global agreements on a just transition, on tripling funding for adaptation, and on significant progress across the entire Action Agenda, including trillions of dollars for clean energy systems and a historic new initiative for forests,” says Simon Stiell, executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Concrete results
The text highlights the expansion of climate finance, with a goal of mobilizing USD 1.3 trillion by 2035, including at least USD 300 billion in public funds. A goal to triple funding for climate change adaptation over the same period was also agreed upon.
Another focus was the strengthening of adaptation policies, with the introduction of global indicators to track progress and the expansion of national plans submitted by countries. By the end of the conference, 122 countries had submitted their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) – targets that mark a new cycle of international commitments to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Roadmaps
The report highlights three major roadmaps that should guide global climate action in the coming years. These serve as political and technical platforms for translating commitments into national policies and investments.
One of them is the Roadmap for Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels in a Just, Orderly, and Equitable Manner. Among the goals is achieving zero deforestation by 2030.
The second is the Roadmap for Halting and Reversing Deforestation and Forest Degradation by 2030, which reinforces the role of forests in climate action and sustainable development.
The third, created prior to COP30, is the Baku-to-Belém Roadmap. The plan focuses on mobilizing USD 1.3 trillion in climate finance, especially for developing countries, and uses the Paris Agreement goals as a guide.
The COP30 presidency also launched the Global Implementation Accelerator, an initiative aimed at supporting countries in implementing their climate goals and adaptation plans, which prioritizes rapid-impact and large-scale actions.
Tropical forests
One of the standout initiatives of the Brazilian presidency was the creation of the Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF). The fund aims to mobilize predictable, long-term financing for the conservation and sustainable use of forests in tropical developing countries.
The facility operates through blended finance. It combines public and private investments through a results-based structure. In the view of its creators, the fund ensures stability and long-term incentives for forest protection. By the end of the event, 52 countries and the European Union had endorsed their participation.
Racism and poverty
At COP30, the Belém Declaration on Combating Environmental Racism was also adopted, endorsed by countries in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. The agreement aims to foster global dialogue on racial equality, climate, and the environment. It also reinforces the human rights dimension and recognizes that the climate emergency is also a crisis of racial justice.
In this regard, the document acknowledges historical patterns of discrimination; the disproportionate exposure of people of African descent, indigenous peoples, and local communities to pollution and climate risks; and the urgent need for a human rights-based approach to public policy.
The Declaration on Hunger, Poverty, and Climate Action, in turn, was endorsed by 44 countries. It recognizes that climate impacts exacerbate poverty, food insecurity, water stress, and health crises.
The signatories advocate for the expansion of social protection systems, investments in food production, support for smallholder farmers and local communities, and early warning systems, disaster preparedness, and adaptation strategies. They also call for the expansion of inclusive financing and just transition measures.
Towards Antalya
The report also outlines the next steps on the international agenda, focusing on continuing negotiations and preparing for the next climate conference – COP31 – to be held in Antalya, Turkey, in 2026.
The COP30 presidency aims to consolidate the roadmaps, expand financing, and maintain international engagement to ensure that the commitments made in Belém translate into concrete results in the coming years.
