Yusaku Maezeva and Yozo Hiramo will spend 12 days at the station. They carry 162 kilos of cargo, including food, hygiene products and materials for experiments.
The two presidents' virtual conversation also touched on other disputes, amid Western fears that Russia is about to invade southern neighbor Ukraine.
After a tie in its opener with Switzerland and a hard-fought win over Costa Rica, the Brazilian squad beat the Serbians 2-0 in Moscow, with goals by Paulinho and Thiago Silva.